（一）多样用词——词之转
以下就一篇8分文章的片段来看看用词（本片段选自2005年英国大使馆雅思考试样题实考文章）：
Almost every country has its traditional costumes and dresses. Some are comfortable and some are difficult to handle. By comfortable I mean a dress being comfortable enough to be worn daily for your routine work. If we take the example of Pakistan’s traditional dress salwar-kameez, one can see that although it is a very comfortable night suit, wearing it for your office work, travelling on a motorbike, or a laborer working on a construction site, it gets quite uncomfortable and dangerous.Becouse of its design, salwar-kameez can obstruct various errands like cycling, hiking and especially after travelling, the dress becomes quite messed up and untidy. If you compare this to regular pants and T-shirts, I believe they are the best piece of clothing to be worn for many different purposes.

上面是一位考生文章的主体段，可以说是最重要的一段，但读完以后你很难发现有任何所谓“大词”或者“雷人的词”。要非得找点“大词”的话，“handle（处理，对付）”、“ routine work(日常工作)”、“. messed up and untidy（乱糟糟）”、“obstruct various errands(碍事) ”或许就是吧。作者在用词上很“节俭”，一个comfortable备用了好几次，先是○1Some are comfortable，然后是○2By comfortable I mean，接着是○3being comfortable enough，随后是○4although it is a very comfortable night suit，再到后来变成了○5gets quite uncomfortable。你可以说作者词汇匮乏，也可以说他或她善用资源，但不管怎样人家得到了8分，我在这里借用中国伟人的话，“不管黑猫白猫，逮到老鼠就是好猫”。其实，仔细再一分析，发现这个comfortable的功能是多变的，○1是作be动词的表语，○5是变成否定义后作get的表语，○2是在形式上作介词by的宾语，○3是变成了分词结构，○4是作定语或是修饰语。
那么，如何才能玩转英文单词呢？我们不妨从认识词汇开始。词从词性上主要分为动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词，连词，代词，还有动名词（由动词加ing变来，兼有动词和名词的性质）。英语中同一个词往往具有好几种词性，在句子中充当不同的作用，体现着不同的含义。不管怎样，我们必清楚词的功能是不同的：

1. 名词和动名词——主要充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
Company uniforms help to promote sense of team spirit.公司的制服有助于加强团队意识。（company充当定语，即修饰语，uniforms是句子的主语。）
Learning a foreign language is of great significance to children.学习一门外语对孩子们是非常重要的。（learning a foreign language 动名词结构做主语，而a foreign language在逻辑上有充当learning的宾语。）
注意：相当多的考生会写成Learn a foreign language is very important.动词原形是不能作主语的。
From the chart, we can see that the greastest change is teachers’ salary.从图中我们可以看出最大的变化是教师工资。（teachers’ salary充当is 后的表语。）
2． 动词——主要充当谓语
动词分为情态动词（不能单独作谓语）、be 动词、联系动词、实义动词（分为及物和不及物）。
注意:情态动词接动词原形，be 动词接名词、动名词、形容词及分词，及物动词接宾语，不及物动词不能接宾语。
Traveling can help broaden our horizon.旅游可以开阔我们的视野。（can与help组合充当谓语，help后接动词broaden，省略to）
In my country ,some private companies have successfully implemented a uniform policy.在我们国家，有些私营公司已经成功地实行了制服制度。（现在完成时标志词have与implemented共同构成谓语）
3. 形容词——主要充当定语及表语
It might sound awkward that employees must wear a company uniform.员工必须穿制服或许听起来有点别扭。(形容词awkward放在系动词sound后面作表语)
4. 副词——充当状语或修饰动词与形容词
Nuclear power is highly effective.核能是高效的。（highly修饰形容词effective）
We must carefully develop the use of nuclear power.我们必须谨慎地开发核能。(carefully修饰动词develop)
I don’t know where he lives. (此句中where he lives 作know的宾语，而where 作lives 的状语)
5. 介词——后接名词、代词、动名词及名词性从句
We should make joint efforts to cope with this problem.我们必须共同努力来解决这个问题。（cope不及物动词，后面必须加上介词with才能接宾语）
There is a heated debate on whether we should send children to study abroad.人们激烈讨论该不该送孩子出国求学。（介词on 后面接名词性从句whether we should send children to study abroad作宾语）
6. 连词——连接句子或名词、代词
Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.你是否能通过考试就看你有多用功了。（连词whether引导名词性从句充当主语）  
I picked up some French words while I was having a holiday in Paris.在巴黎度假时我偶然间学会几个法语单词。（while 引导时间状语）
Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.尽管当时他很虚弱，他还是尽力工作。
认识了词汇基本情况后，现在我们来看一下到底怎么才能让词汇转起来。很明显，词本身是不能转的，能转的只有是作者的大脑。所以，在写作过程中，我们应该以积极地态度应对词的选择与变换。请看下面文字，体会一下词汇之转:
As shown in the pie chart, $200 is spent on rent and food each week, taking up one third of the total expenditure. Next come the school fees, consuming $180, less than the first by $20 a week. When it comes to the fees on underground, we find that one fifth of the money is allocated to it, which is $120.In terms of study materials, only $50 is given to this aspect, accounting for one twelfth of the weekly expense. The rest of the money goes to entertainment and clothes, which are $10 and $40 respectively.
以上是A类作文Task1的一个主体段，描述的是某学校学生平均每周的开销状况。面对这样的题材，必然要解决一个动词问题——花费。在英语里表示“花费”的词有不少：take, cost spend, consume(更侧重于“消耗，消费”)，lay out, invest。在上面的文字里，作者对此词采用了7种处理办法，分别用了：被动结构is spent on，is allocated to，is given to，主动结构goes to，非谓语结构taking up ，consuming，到最后直接用be动词are。另外，在表达各部分所占比例时，作者用了taking up, accounting for ,和直接法，即one fifth of the money is allocated to it。
从以上的例子可以看出，要想玩转词汇，最常用的办法就是使用同义词进行不断地变换，灵活地利用词的不同词性来表达按不同的含义。

（二）准确用词——词之境
下面我想简单谈谈如何准确用词。一味地追求高难度，必将摔地很惨。当然，一味地追求多样性，也可能落得个弄巧成拙。如何避免惨剧的发生呢？注意语境。只有注意语境，做到词随境变，才能发挥词的真正功力。比如说在写大作文时，我们应该知道这是较正式的文章，应该使用档次高点的词，想表达同意某种观点，不要老用I agree with this opinion, 讲究一点吧，用I vote for this view 或者 From my perspective, this opinion does sound rational.。在写G类小作文的书信时，道歉信的用词应该谦卑诚恳些，抱怨信的选词应该显示礼貌的同时用词力道大些、狠些，这样才能传达你的本意。写学术小作文，尤其是数据类文章，精确很重要，因为此类文章很讲究科学性和准确性。精确来源于图表的观察和自己的分析。比如一个学生写了这样一个句子：I can see from the chart that the number of tourists from USA kept rising from 2003 to 2007.单看句子确实没有语法错误，但行家一看就知道此句描写不准确，句子没有表达出人数上升的势态——快或者慢，逐渐上升还是急剧上升，稳定上升还是拨动着上升。

（三）结束语
方法与技巧使用正确的确能事半功倍，但是，不要一味投机取巧妄想一夜暴富，毕竟写文章不可能一日就能达到出语惊人的功力。所以，我们得扎扎实实做点最起码功课——记单词，否则一切都将是无源之水，流不长啊！不过，如果时间有限的话，可以记忆一下高频同义词，一解燃眉之急：

雅思写作常见同义词归纳总结
（注：此处乃它山之石）
1缺陷：disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
2消除 ：eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
3宣称：allege, assert, declare, claim
4培养：：develop, cultivate, foster
5优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6解决: solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
7使迷惑：puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8重要的：key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9认为：think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10保护：protect, conserve, preserve
11确保：assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12有害的：bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13要求 ：request, demand, needs, requisition
14损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
15导致：lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16因此：so, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17增长至：grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to
18降低至：dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to
19保持稳定：level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out
20急剧地：dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21平稳地：steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
22 达到峰值：reach the top,reach the highest point,arrive at the peak,peak at
23 跌入低谷：drop to the bottom,hit the bottom,fall to the lowest point,hit the rock
24 给与：give, offer, render, impart, provide,supply, afford
25发生：happen, occur, take place
26原因：reason, factor, cause
27发展：development, advance, progress
28有益的：useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous
29影响：influence, impact, effect
30事实上：practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that
31占：comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
32与…相比：compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to
33对比而言：by contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely
34展示：show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
35大约：approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
36波动：fluctuate，go up and down，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation
37明显的：clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
38换言之：namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle　
39 超过：exceed,surpass,outweigh
以下是同义词替换：
1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)
2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换
eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.
注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.
5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that,
it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)
7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing
8: shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )
10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly
13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.
22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth
23.desire 替换want.
24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替换remember
26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
27. interaction替换communication
28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible