The Nature study, conducted by Sriram Sankararaman of Harvard Medical School and his colleagues, looked at the genomes of 1,004 living people of European and Asian descent and compared them with Neanderthal DNA from a 50,000-year-old toe bone found in a Siberian cave, and also with the genomes of 176 west Africans. This latter group, Dr Sankararaman assumed, could have little Neanderthal DNA in them because Neanderthals, as far as can be determined from the fossil record, lived only in Europe and western Asia.（中公考研）
词汇突破：
1.Neanderthal (亦作Neanderthal man) 尼安德特人(约120,000—35,000年前冰川时期广泛分布于欧洲的已灭 绝人种，前额低斜，眉脊突出，与旧石器时代中期莫斯特燧石文化有密切关系)现被看作与智人不同的人种，可能是一不同进化线的尾链。
2.Homo sapiens 第一个词汇可以不记，但是这个词汇必须认识：现代智人，也就是指我们。3. genomes 基因组
4. descent 血统European and Asian descent 欧亚血统
5. fossil record化石记录
6. looked at 检查，审视
7. conduct 实施
8. latter group 后一组
9. Nature 大写了N就是自然杂志
10. little 表示否定
句子分析：
第一句： The Nature study, conducted by Sriram Sankararaman of Harvard Medical School and his colleagues, looked at the genomes of 1,004 living people of European and Asian descent and compared them with Neanderthal DNA from a 50,000-year-old toe bone found in a Siberian cave, and also with the genomes of 176 west Africans.（中公考研）
主干：The Nature study looked at the genomes …and compared them with …and with… 理清楚并列关系。
在翻译的时候The Nature study, conducted by Sriram Sankararaman of Harvard Medical School and his colleagues,可以单独成句翻译为：哈佛医学院的Sankararaman博士和他的同事共同完成这项发表在《自然》杂志上的研究。
再翻译后面的，有一个伟大的代词：这项研究仔细检查了1004名有欧洲和亚洲血统的人的基因，并与发现于西伯利亚一个洞穴的5万年前尼安德特人的脚趾骨上的DNA进行了对比，同时也176位西非人的基因进行了比对。（中公考研）
第二句： This latter group, Dr Sankararaman assumed, could have little Neanderthal DNA in them because Neanderthals, as far as can be determined from the fossil record, lived only in Europe and western Asia.
句子解析：重点就在于latter group 的指代，前面出现了两组，一是尼安德特人，二是西非人，;所以指的是西非人。
句子主干： This latter group could have little Neanderthal DNA in them 插入语：,Dr Sankararaman assumed,
原因状语从句：because Neanderthals lived only in Europe and western Asia.(主干), as far as can be determined from the fossil record, ( 状语)（中公考研）
翻译的时候把各部分翻译好，再按照中文的习惯来组合就好了。 比较一下即可：
据Sankararaman博士推测，176位西非人基因里面不可能有尼安德特人的基因，因为迄今为止，从所发现的化石记录里可推断尼安德特人只生活在欧洲和西亚。（中公考研）
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